![]() The majority of studies did not find any gender difference in the distribution of fingerprint patterns ( Sandhu et al., 2017 Patil et al., 2019 Chaudhary, Deuja, Alam, Karmacharya, & Mondal, 2017 Kc, Maharjan, Adhikari, & Shrestha, 2018 Thakur, Yadav, & Tiwari, 2019). In terms of the predominant fingerprint pattern, loop was found to be the most common pattern with a range of 40%−69% in several studies ( Sandhu et al., 2017 Manikandan et al., 2019 Patil et al., 2019 Sisodia et al., 2020 Smail, Wahab, & Abdullah, 2019). In the Middle East region, a study reported an association between the distribution of fingerprint patterns and ABO blood groups in the Libyan population ( Fayrouz, Farida, & Irshad, 2012). ![]() Previous studies reported a correlation between these two identification tools ( Manikandan et al., 2019 Patil, Sonawane, & Sharma, 2019 Sisodia et al., 2020). Many studies aimed to explore the link and suggested a connection between the distribution of fingerprint patterns and ABO blood groups. Fingerprints and blood samples are valuable biometrics always collected from the crime scenes. Unfortunately, the tools available for detection have their limitations in identification an individual with a criminal background. ![]() With the recent process of urbanization, the crime rate has increased considerably ( Malik and Malik, 2016). The ABO blood groups are also important for organ and blood transfusion. They are also expressed on several other human tissues which include vascular endothelium and epithelium, sensory neurons and platelets ( Gong et al., 2014). The ABO blood group's antigens (A, B and H) are determined by molecules of carbohydrate that are ordinarily considered as red blood cell antigens. Finally, the arch pattern is the simplest pattern, where the ridge flows from one side of the print to the other ( Sandhu et al., 2017).ĪBO and Rhesus blood (Rh) groups have been described as the most important red blood cell antigen groups with regard to its clinical significance ( Vij, 2009). The whorl pattern is the one in which one or more of the ridgelines form a circular pattern around the center of the print. The loop pattern is the one where the ridgelines appear from one side of the fingerprint (either the radial side or ulnar side), arch around the center and return to the side where they originally appeared. There are three primary types of fingerprint patterns, i.e. In addition to the inability of passing these patterns from parents to their offspring, the possibility of having two individuals with the same fingerprint has been speculated to be one in 64 billion ( Vij, 2011). The formation of epidermal ridges takes place between the 10th and 16th weeks of intrauterine life and remains until death ( Sandhu, Verma, Padda, & Raj, 2017). The science that deals with the configuration and arrangement of fingertips is known as dermatoglyphics or dactylography ( Bardale, 2011). Fingerprints are the impressions of the pattern formed by the papillary or epidermal ridges of the fingertips ( Bardale, 2011). ![]() Identification is mostly related to forensic medicine but also involves civil affairs, legal documents and financial transactions. Verification of an individual's identity has always been challenging. The full terms of this licence may be seen at Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Published in Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research. Copyright © 2022, Tariq Al Habsi, Hussein Al Khabori, Sara Al Qasmi, Tasnim Al Habsi, Mohamed Al Mushaiqri, Srijit Das and Srinivasa Rao Sirasanagandla License ![]()
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